Aspectos epidemiológicos da infecção por Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma platys e Mycoplasma spp. em gatos domésticos / Epidemiological aspects of infection by Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma platys and Mycoplasma spp. in domestic cats

Hemoparasitoses vêm se tornando cada vez mais importantes na clínica médica de pequenos animais. Dentre os agentes causadores encontramos Ehrlichiacanis, Anaplasmaplatys., e Mycoplasma spp., torna-se de grande importância conhecer a epidemiologia nos gatos domésticos. Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa fazer um levantamento retrospectivo de fichas de gatos advindos de consultas no Hospital Veterinário Mário Dias Teixeira (HOVET) que realizaram exame de Reação de Cadeia da polimerase (PCR) no laboratório de biologia molecular, na Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, no ano de 2018 e 2019. No total foram 72 amostras de gatos domésticos processadas, sendo 33 machos e 39 fêmeas, 70 animais SRD e 2 Siameses, todos com trombocitopenia, além de outros sinais clínicos que os levaram a precisar de atendimento veterinário, foram categorizados os meses de entrada e processamento das amostras, bairros dos animais e grupos etários. De todos os animais testados, 34,7% obtiveram diagnóstico positivo para uma das enfermidades, sendo o gênero Mycoplasma spp. o que mais prevaleceu em amostras positivas, com maior frequência em fêmeas adultas, bem como foi descrita ocorrência de E. canis apenas nesse sexo, já A. platysfoi descrito com maior frequência em machos, além de achados de infecções concomitantes observado entre os agentes Anaplasmae Mycoplasma. Concluímos que os gatos atendidos no HOVET possuíam parasitismo por diferentes agentes infecciosos.

Hemoparasitosis have become increasingly important in the small animals' internal medicine. Among the causal agents, there are Ehrlichiacanis, Anaplasmaplatys. and Mycoplasma spp., which give the understanding of the epidemiology in domestic cats a great significance. This research aimed to make a retrospective survey of records from cats that came from appointments at the Veterinary Hospital Mário Dias Teixeira (HOVET) and underwent the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test at the molecular biology laboratory, at the Amazônia Federal Rural University (UFRA), in the years of 2018 and 2019. In total, 72 samples of domestic cats were processed, from which 33 were males and 39 females, 70 of them were mongrel cats and 2 siamese, all of them showed thrombocytopenia amongst other clinical signs that led them to need a veterinary appointment, the months of admission, processing of the samples, districts the animals came from and age group were categorized. 34,7% of all the animals tested showed positive results for one of the diseases, with the genus Mycoplasma spp. being the most prevalent in positive samples, showing a higher rate in adult females, as the occurrence of E. canis was reported only in females, while A. platys was reported with a higher rate in males, as well as concomitant infections following the observation of the agents Anaplasma and Mycoplasma. In conclusion, the cats admitted at HOVET showed parasitism by different infectious agents.

Increased IgE serum levels are unrelated to allergic and parasitic diseases in patients with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the IgE serum levels in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus patients and to evaluate possible associations with clinical and laboratory features, disease activity and tissue damage. METHODS: The IgE serum concentrations in 69 consecutive juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus patients were determined by nephelometry. IgG, IgM and IgA concentrations were measured by immunoturbidimetry. All patients were negative for intestinal parasites. Statistical analysis methods included the Mann-Whitney, chi-square and Fisher's exact tests, as well as the Spearman rank correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Increased IgE concentrations above 100 IU/mL were observed in 31/69 (45%) juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus patients. The mean IgE concentration was 442.0 ± 163.4 IU/ml (range 3.5-9936.0 IU/ml). Fifteen of the 69 patients had atopic disease, nine patients had severe sepsis and 56 patients presented with nephritis. The mean IgE level in 54 juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus patients without atopic manifestations was 271.6 ± 699.5 IU/ml, and only nine of the 31 (29%) patients with high IgE levels had atopic disease. The IgE levels did not statistically differ with respect to the presence of atopic disease, severe sepsis, nephritis, disease activity, or tissue damage. Interestingly, IgE concentrations were inversely correlated with C4 levels (r = -0.25, p = 0.03) and with the SLICC/ACR-DI score (r = -0.34, p = 0.005). The IgE concentration was also found to be directly correlated with IgA levels (r = 0.52, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrated for the first time that juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus patients have increased IgE serum levels. This increase in IgE levels was not related to allergic or parasitic diseases. Our results are in line with the hypothesis that high IgE levels can be considered a marker of immune dysregulation.

Parasitosis among apparently healthy immigrant workers at Dammam, Saudi Arabia

A cross sectional study was conducted on randomly selected 161 apparently healthy immigrant workers in Dammam City, with ages ranged between 21 to years. A required data were taken via a designed questionnaire and stool samples were collected and examined microscopically by direct wet mount [saline and iodine stained smears] and by formalin ether concentration sedimentation technique. The results showed 99/161 [55.3%] suffered parasitosis. These are in a descending order they were E. histolytica [50.5%], Giardia lamblia [38.8%], Enterobius. vermicularis [12.1%], Entamaeba coli [12.1%], Trichuris trichiura [11.1%], Hymenolepis. nana [11.1%], Schisto-soma haematobiumn [10.1%], A. scaris lumbricoides [9.09%], S. mansosoni [7.07%], Dicrocelium dendriticum [5.05%], and Fasciola species [3.03%]. On the other hand, 72 [44.7%] of the immigrant workers were Toxoplasma gondii ELISA-IgG positive. The intervention programs including health education, strict supervision of health authorities on immigrant workers as well as environmental sanitation are required

[Trace elements levels in patients with some different parasitic infections]

To evaluate serum levels of zinc, copper and iron in regard to some different parasitic diseases. A case-control study was carried out during the first 9 months of 2007 in Basrah, Southern Iraq. Blood samples were collected from 230 subjects aged 1 -65 years.One hundred samples out of 230 collected from patients with parasitic infections [35 patients with toxoplasmosis, 32 patients with leishmaniasis, 24 patients with amoebiasis and 9 patients with giardiasis] while the rest 130 were apparently healthy subjects and considered as control group. The absorbance of each serum sample against blank was measured by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Serum zinc levels were decreased significantly in patient group when compared with healthy subjects [p<0.001], while both serum copper and serum iron were increased significantly in patient group when compared with control group [p<0.001]. There was no significant difference in regard to the effect of age and sex on serum trace elements levels in patients and control groups. The significant decrease in serum zinc level and an increase of serum copper and iron in patients might be related to the parasitic infection

Association of anemia with parasitic in pregnant Nepalese women: results from a Hospital - based study done in eastern Nepal

Anemia is a major contributor to maternal deaths in developing countries. Association of anaemia with helminthic infestations has been seen in the world and by eliminating it, anemia may be reduced with positive effects on maternal outcome. Methodology: A comparative cross-sectional study was done to assess the association of anemia with parasitic infestation, and other significant risk factors in eastern Nepal. One hundred and twelve pregnant women with and without anemia were enrolled in the study at the antenatal clinic at Dhankuta District Hospital, Nepal from May 2001 to July 2001. The data on social and demographic variables was collected through a structured questionnaire. Hemoglobin estimation and stool examination for parasitic infestation was done for all these women. Anemia was found in 66 [58.9%] women and 52 [46.5%] had helminthic infestation. Anemia was significantly related to hookworm infestation. There was a highly significant relationship between education and the knowledge of women regarding effect of helminthic infestations [P<0.000], transmission and spread of infestations [P<0.000]. The knowledge of women regarding effect of helminthic infestation was significantly [P<0.001] related to the occurrence of parasitic infestations but its association with anaemia was not significant. Hookworm infestation in pregnancy was significantly related with anaemia. Hence all women coming to antenatal clinics should be screened for hookworm infestation. The antenatal care should include de-worming with correction and prevention of anaemia

Transfusion associated infections: a threat to life.

Blood transfusion is indispensable in the management of many haematological diseases and has become the mainstay in major surgical procedures. Transfusion-transmitted infections have been a major threat to life since the dawn of transfusion therapy. The authors have highlighted the different viral, parasitic and bacterial infections associated with transfusion and have focussed on the precautionary measures that can be implemented for prevention of the infections along with a brief review of the literature.

Eosinofilia devida a parasitas / Eosinophilia due to parasites

Eosinófilos estäo envolvidos em uma série de infecçöes parasitárias mas, nem sempre o número destes está aumentando no sangue circulante. Considera-se nesta breve revisäo alguns dos aspectos envolvidos na produçäo e funçäo destas células em parasitoses causadas por nematódeos, cestódeos, trematódeos e protozoários mais comuns no Brasil. Normalmente ocorre eosinofilia em associaçäo à infecçäo helmíntica, na qual há envolvimento de mucosa. Nos casos de protozooses, a eosinofilia é, praticamente, ausente

Eosinophilia, anemia and parasitism in a rural region of northwest Thailand.

Parasitic infections are prevalent in Thailand. The parasites' relationship with anemia and eosinophilia has been rarely reported due to limited health care access, especially in rural areas. We studied the prevalence and relationship between eosinophilia, anemia and parasitism in 169 Thai-Karens from Mae Lamung and Mae Chan subdistricts, Umphang district, Tak Province, using an automated complete blood counter, and microscopic examination for intestinal parasites and microfilaria. In Mae Chan, 5 individuals were microfilaremic, 72% of individuals examined were infected with at least one kind of intestinal parasites, and 50% were anemic, with normal mean red cell volume (MCV). In Mae Lamung, 46% were parasitized (Triteeraprapab et al, 1997) but none were microfilaremic or anemic. In both populations, eosinophilia was prevalent (77%). Hookworm infection was found to be significantly associated with eosinophilia, but not anemia nor microcytosis of red cells.